Informatics Publishing Limited

P. Elanchezhian ¹, V. Kumar Chinnaiyan ², R. Sudhir Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN
2 Professor & HOD, EEE Department, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore - 641047, IN
3 Joint Director, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN

Abstract

PV generation is one of the fast growing renewable generation system to avoid the energy shortage. The micro-inverter system is best option for maximum energy harvest from each solar panel and easily we can expand the installed capacity. Now a day it is playing big role in rooftop system. These inverters divided as a single stage and double stage micro inverter. Compare to single stage double stage system having high efficiency with regulated waveforms. Interleaved flyback boost converter topology is used for improve the efficiency. Converter is high step up dc-dc boost with MPPT, MPPT is used to vary the duty cycle to generate maximum power from each panel both healthy and partial shading condition. MPPT voltage range from 27 V to 45 V, for 200 W, lower maintenance cost and higher energy yield with open-circuit voltage below 45 V. Micro-inverter PV system can achieve up to 25% lower energy cost compared to the conventional central inverter system

Keywords

MPPT; micro-inverter; AC panel; flyback; interleaved

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Vani Vijay ¹, P. Giridhar Kini ², R. Sudhir Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Enenrgy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore- 560080, IN
2 EEE department, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal -576104, IN

Abstract

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control of MOSFET based converters is used in almost all electrical application for accurate and efficient operation, like in motor drives, power supply units, power conditioners etc. The algorithm of PWM control in such system is the most important factor determining the operational features which can be implemented using microprocessors, micro controller, digital signal processors or higher end technologies. Here a detailed study of micro controller programming is done for PWM control of MOSFET based converters. The method of configuring the controller for PWM generation and programming steps are explained in detail with an example of PIC16F877A micro controller. Hardware implementation is done and program variation for different operating characteristics are observed. Micro controller programming is easiest, accurate and cost effective method for PWM control of converter. The program is flexible and higher end micro controllers can be used for complex control technique.

Keywords

Programming, micro controller, PWM control

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Vani Vijay ¹, C. Viswanatha ², P. Giridhar Kini ³, R. Sudhir Kumar ⁴

Affiliations
1 Senior Research Fellow, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Enenrgy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN
2 Electrical and Electronics Engineering department, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal - 576104, IN
3 Diagnostics Cables and capacitors Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN
4 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN

Abstract

Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) sources are widely used in present scenario of energy crisis for various applications including grid connected PV plants and grid isolated standalone applications. The performance of solar PV system is highly dependent upon the operating conditions of source and loads especially in standalone applications. The effect on various types of loads on standalone system can be easily analyzed at design stage and testing stage by using load emulation technique, where a virtual load is used to replace actual load, giving more flexibility and accuracy to loading conditions. Here a novel load emulator model is presented which can provide accurate variation in load power factor and THD compared to existing models. The converter decouples the current in to in phase and out of phase components and the in phase component can be regenerated. The model is simulated using MATLABTM simulation and the results are validated by comparing with experimental results obtained by loading SPV inverter with actual load. Hence the proposed load emulator is very useful in design and development of application specific solar PV systems and also for performance analysis of such systems based on various standards.

Keywords

Solar PV inverters, non-linear loads, low pf loads

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Vani Vijay ¹, S. V. Reeba ², R. Sudhir Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN
2 Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum, Kerala - 695016, IN
3 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore -560 080, IN

Abstract

Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) is the most important renewable energy source which is gaining importance in all fields of electrical utility. Utilization of SPV source in electrical drives applications can bring about a considerable change in the present day energy crisis. Here an SPV based Switched Reluctance motor (SRM) drive is presented which can be utilized in low power high speed and medium speed applications. SRMs have inherent advantages of low inertia, low rotor losses, robustness and simple construction. The operation of the converter circuit is with respect to the reluctance variation of the rotating machine which makes it different from other drives. Here a converter circuit is designed for the operation of SRM from SPV source. The SPV characteristics are different from a constant DC source since the output power and voltage varies with insolation and temperature. The proposed system is verified using LabVIEW^TM Simulation and the results are discussed.

Keywords

Solar Photovoltaic (SPV), Switched reluctance Motor (SRM), LabVIEWTM, Reluctance

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P. Elanchezhian ¹, V. Kumar Chinnaiyan ², R. Sudhir Kumar ³

Affiliations
1 SRF, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN
2 Professor & HOD, EEE Department, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore - 641047, IN
3 EO 4, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN

Abstract

The Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been realized using different architectures, starting with the string and centralized PV system to the modular PV system. Presently, decentralized inverters are being developed at the PV panel power level (known as AC – PV Modules). Such new PV systems are becoming more attractive and many expect this will be the trend of the future. The AC-Module PV system consists of an inverter attached to one PV panel. This integration requires that both devices have the same life-span. Although, the available commercial inverters have a relatively short life-span (10 years) compared to the 25 –year PV. It has been stated in literature that the energy storage capacitor (electrolytic type) in the single-phase inverter is the most vulnerable electronic component. Hence, many techniques such as (power decoupling techniques) have been proposed to solve this problem by replacing the large electrolytic capacitor with a small film capacitor. This paper will present a quick review of these power decoupling techniques, and proposes a new three-port micro-inverter with power decoupling capability for AC-module PV system applications.

Keywords

AC-Module, MPPT, power decoupling, fly-back converter

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P. Elanchezhian ¹, V. Kumar Chinnaiyan ², R. Sudhir Kumar ³, J. Karpagam ⁴

Affiliations
1 SRF, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 080, IN
2 Professor & HOD, EEE Department, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore - 641047, Tamil Nadu, IN
3 EO 4, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 080, IN
4 Professor, ECE Department, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore - 641 407, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Solar energy is one of the cleanest and reliable sources of renewable energy on earth. Conventionally, extraction of solar power for electricity generation was limited to PV farms, however lately distributed generation form of solar power has emerged in the form of residential and commercial Grid Tied micro-inverters. Micro inverters temperature is strongly correlated with ambient temperature and PV module temperature, and moderately correlated with irradiance and AC power. Ambient temperature is the influencing factor under conditions of low irradiance in morning hours, when the irradiance is below 60 W/m2. Noon time data analysis reveals that the micro inverters thermal behaviour is more strongly influenced by PV module temperature than AC power. In this paper review about electrical circuit topology and Influence of irradiance, AC power, ambient temperature on PV module and micro inverter are discussed.

Keywords

PV module, MPPT, dual-axis, irradiance, CTP, DC-DC converter

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B. Chandrasekhar ¹, Sanjay Lakshminarayanan ², R. Sudhir Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore- 560080, IN
2 Associate Professor, EEE Department,MS Ramaiaha Institute of Technology, Bangalore-560054, IN

Abstract

Integration of more than one energy source depends on the power electronic converters is an interesting and challenging task for researchers. In this paper, integrated double input DC to DC converter for low voltage energy source applications is explained. Integrated buck converter which can step down the input voltage according to output voltage required at the load end. The converter is able to integrate different voltages of various energy sources such as solar photovoltaic, wind energy system, fuel cell and diesel etc. of relatively low voltage. The converter is designed considering double input, in which same or different type of two inputs can be used individually or simultaneously. Modes of operation of converter are described in detail, closed loop simulation with a PI controller using MATLAB/Simulink^TM results are presented in detail.

Keywords

Double input DC-DC converter, hybrid energy system, closed loop control.

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R. Sudhir Kumar ¹, R. A. Deshpande ², D. Kavitha ³

Affiliations
1 Engineering Officer Grade IV, Distribution Systems Division, CPRI, Bangalore - 560080
2 Joint Director (HOD), Distribution Systems Division, CPRI, Bangalore - 560080, IN
3 JRF, Distribution Systems Division, CPRI, Bangalore - 560080, IN

Abstract

Vehicles running on oil have to change over in next few decades to alternatives which could be hydrogen, electricity. World over, almost all the major players in the automobile industry have introduced electric vehicles (EV) or Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle (PHEV) in the market. This is rather in response to their commitment to a green environment, reducing carbon footprints and reducing the emission rates. With the unveiling of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020, by the government of India manufacturers are urged to adopt electric vehicles in an attempt to reduce our dependence on imported oil. The ambitious plan aims to produce 6–7 million electric vehicles by 2020 with an estimated fuel saving of 2.2–2.5 million tonnes of oil. Electric vehicles when utilized for feeding back the energy to the grid play a very important role in Demand response in Smart grid environment. This will play a major role in the Power sector scenario. Though this technology is yet to pick up in India, it has become popular in the western countries. Lot of Research work has been carried out and research work has been published, which is reviewed in this paper.

Keywords

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), Battery chargers, Vehicle to grid integration (V2G) and Grid to vehicle (G2V)

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P. Chandhra Sekhar ¹, C. P. Jairam ¹, T. Raghunatha ¹, R. Sudhir Kumar ¹, K. Devendra Rao ¹, Viji Bharathi ¹, Kiran V. Madhugiri ¹

Affiliations
1 Distribution Systems Division, Central Power Research Institute, P.B.No.8066, Sadhashivanagar, Bangalore - 560 080, IN

Abstract

This paper presents the field experience of authors during the establishment of baseline data for designated project areas under R-APDRP Programme. This paper also brought out sample baseline parameters estimation. It also emphasizes problems in the field during collecting data and attempt to overcome the problems. The paper also emphasizes findings on ESCOM by focusing project area and Aggregate Technical and Commercial loss (AT&C).

Keywords

Distribution Reforms, AT&C Losses, Baseline Data, Energy Meter, Deemed Collection, Billing Cycle.

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K. Jeykishan Kumar ¹, G. Bharath Kumar ¹, R. Sudhir Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Division, CPRI, Bengaluru – 560 080, IN

Abstract

For modern high-power LEDs, self-heating becomes a critical factor determining their functional characteristics and lifetime. For large-area LEDs with a complex structure, it is important to know not only the thermal resistance but also the detailed temperature distribution (temperature map) over the active area. In this paper, we present the thermal analysis of high-power Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) with under the real operating conditions. Thermal transient measurements were performed to study the thermal characteristics of high power LED bulbs. The purpose of this test is to analyze the heat dissipation from LED Lamps. The study concludes that the warm white LED bulbs show better thermal behavior than the cool white LED bulbs of low power.

Keywords

Cool White, Low Power, Temperature, Thermal, Warm White, LED.

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